Overview

This document synthesizes job descriptions from leading AI and ML companies including NVIDIA, AMD, RedHat, BentoML, Mistral, and others. It represents a comprehensive view of the technologies, responsibilities, and requirements expected in modern AI/ML engineering roles.

Core Technologies

Programming Languages

Primary Languages: - Python - Primary language for ML development, data processing, and automation - **C** - High-performance computing, GPU kernels, and systems programming - **Go (Golang)** - Kubernetes controllers, infrastructure tooling, and distributed systems - **Rust** - Systems programming and performance-critical components (mentioned as alternative to C)

Supporting Languages: - JavaScript/TypeScript - Front-end development, Node.js, React - HTML/CSS - Web interfaces and dashboards - Bash - Scripting and automation - Assembly - Low-level optimization and hardware-specific code

Machine Learning Frameworks

Deep Learning Frameworks: - PyTorch - Primary framework for model development, training, and inference - TensorFlow - Alternative framework for model development and deployment - JAX - Research and high-performance ML computations - MIOpen - AMD’s deep learning primitives library

Compilation and Optimization Tools: - TorchScript - PyTorch model compilation - TorchDynamo - PyTorch dynamic compilation - MLIR/LLVM - Compiler infrastructure and optimization - TVM - Tensor expression compilation - TensorFlow MLIR - TensorFlow compilation pipeline

GPU Computing and Acceleration

GPU Programming: - CUDA - NVIDIA GPU programming (most common) - OpenCL - Cross-platform GPU programming - HIP - AMD GPU programming (CUDA-like API) - ROCm - AMD’s open software platform for GPU computing - Triton - GPU kernel development and optimization

GPU Libraries: - cuDNN - NVIDIA’s deep neural network library - cuBLAS - NVIDIA’s BLAS library - CUTLASS - CUDA Templates for Linear Algebra Subroutines - TensorRT - NVIDIA’s inference optimization library

Inference Engines and Serving

High-Performance Inference: - vLLM - High-throughput LLM serving - SGLang - Structured generation language for LLMs - TRT-LLM (TensorRT-LLM) - Optimized LLM inference - TensorRT - NVIDIA inference optimization - ONNX Runtime - Cross-platform inference engine

Infrastructure and Orchestration

Container and Orchestration: - Kubernetes - Container orchestration (universally required) - Docker - Containerization - OpenShift - Enterprise Kubernetes platform (RedHat) - Singularity - HPC container platform

CI/CD and Build Systems: - Jenkins - Continuous integration (with Groovy scripting) - GitHub Actions - CI/CD workflows - GitLab Pipelines - CI/CD automation - Azure DevOps - Microsoft’s DevOps platform - CMake - Build system configuration - Bazel - Build and test tool - Make - Traditional build automation

Infrastructure as Code: - Crossplane - Cloud-native infrastructure automation - Terraform - Infrastructure provisioning (implied) - Ansible - Configuration management (implied)

Cloud Platforms

Major Cloud Providers: - AWS (Amazon Web Services) - Cloud infrastructure - GCP (Google Cloud Platform) - Cloud infrastructure - Azure (Microsoft Azure) - Cloud infrastructure

Distributed Systems and Frameworks

Distributed ML: - PyTorch DDP - Distributed Data Parallel training - DeepSpeed - Deep learning optimization library - Ray - Distributed computing framework - Spark - Big data processing

Kubernetes ML Tools: - Kubeflow - ML toolkit for Kubernetes - Kueue - Job queue management for Kubernetes - Custom Kubernetes Operators - Application-specific orchestration

Monitoring and Observability

Performance Profiling: - Nsight - NVIDIA performance analysis - nvprof - NVIDIA CUDA profiler - CUPTI - CUDA Profiling Tools Interface - VTune - Intel performance profiler

System Monitoring: - Prometheus - Metrics collection - Grafana - Metrics visualization and dashboards

Data Engineering

Data Processing: - ETL Pipelines - Extract, Transform, Load workflows - Data Quality Tools - Quality assurance and validation - Data Filtering and Deduplication - Data cleaning - Distributed Data Processing - Spark, Ray, etc.

AI Agent Frameworks

Agent Development: - LangChain - LLM application framework - CrewAI - Multi-agent orchestration framework

Version Control and Collaboration

Source Control: - Git - Version control (primary) - Perforce - Enterprise version control

Project Management: - Jira - Issue tracking and project management - GitLab - Complete DevOps platform

Operating Systems

Supported Platforms: - Ubuntu - Linux distribution - RedHat/RHEL - Enterprise Linux - Windows - Microsoft OS - QNX - Real-time operating system

Job Scheduling

HPC and Batch Systems: - Slurm - Workload manager for Linux clusters - Kubernetes Job Scheduling - Container-based job management

Core Responsibilities

Model Development and Optimization

Inference Optimization: - Optimize large language models (LLMs) for inference performance - Implement quantization techniques (post-training and quantization-aware training) - Apply pruning and distillation methods - Optimize transformer architectures for inference efficiency - Benchmark and evaluate inference performance across different hardware - Reduce memory use and compute cost with mixed precision, KV-cache handling, and speculative decoding

Training Optimization: - Design and implement distributed training systems - Optimize data loading and preprocessing pipelines - Implement fault tolerance and checkpointing for long-running training jobs - Monitor and optimize training performance - Work with distributed training frameworks (PyTorch DDP, DeepSpeed)

Model Compilation: - Work with TorchScript, TorchDynamo, and PyTorch compilation tools - Optimize ML models for inference on specialized hardware (Cerebras, etc.) - Research and implement novel inference optimization techniques

Infrastructure and Systems Engineering

Kubernetes and Orchestration: - Design and implement Kubernetes-native systems to orchestrate GPU workloads - Develop custom Kubernetes operators and CRDs - Deploy, configure, and maintain highly available Kubernetes clusters - Optimize cluster performance, capacity planning, and scaling - Implement security best practices (RBAC, Pod Security Policies, network policies) - Contribute to job scheduling mechanisms (gang scheduling, fair sharing, opportunistic compute)

GPU Orchestration: - Optimize GPU utilization and throughput across multi-node clusters - Build and maintain Kubernetes-based orchestration for inference workloads - Design and implement distributed vLLM inference systems - Work on model parallelism and pipeline parallelism - Optimize multi-GPU and multi-node serving performance

Infrastructure Automation: - Develop and maintain infrastructure-as-code (IaC) using Crossplane - Write scripts and tools (Python, Bash, Go) to automate routine tasks - Build scalable automation for build, test, integration, and release processes - Configure, maintain, and build upon deployments of industry-standard tools

MLOps and Deployment

Model Deployment: - Build and maintain inference serving infrastructure - Design and implement scalable deployment systems - Deploy models to production environments - Automate model deployment and scaling - Integrate MLOps tools with enterprise platforms (OpenShift, etc.)

CI/CD Pipelines: - Design and implement CI/CD pipelines for model deployment - Collaborate with development teams to optimize CI/CD pipelines - Use GitHub Actions, GitLab pipelines, or Azure DevOps for automation - Build automation and tooling for ML workflows

Monitoring and Observability: - Set up monitoring, logging, and alerting systems (Prometheus, Grafana) - Implement automated recovery procedures - Monitor and maintain production ML systems - Work on monitoring, observability, and alerting for LLM serving - Troubleshoot incidents to minimize downtime

Performance Engineering

Performance Analysis: - Specify test cases derived from Deep Learning workloads - Determine performance theory through analytical models - Track and report on kernel performance throughout development lifecycle - Identify performance regressions and optimization opportunities - Profile real workloads and remove bottlenecks - Analyze architecture performance and energy efficiency

GPU Kernel Development: - Write highly tuned compute kernels in C++ CUDA - Perform core deep learning operations (matrix multiplies, convolutions, normalizations) - Design, implement, and test GPU kernels for tensor operations - Optimize kernel performance for current and future-generation GPUs

Benchmarking: - Build repeatable tests that model production traffic - Track and report on vLLM, SGLang, TRT-LLM, and future runtimes - Benchmark, analyze, and optimize performance on single and multi-GPU systems

Research and Development

Algorithm Development: - Research and develop new AI/ML techniques and algorithms - Implement and evaluate research ideas - Work on model training, optimization, and deployment - Publish research findings and contribute to open-source projects - Stay up-to-date with the latest research in AI/ML

Architecture Design: - Craft high-performance, energy-efficient system and processor architectures - Prototype key deep learning and data analytics algorithms - Analyze trade-offs in performance, cost, and power - Collaborate across teams to guide the direction of machine learning

Data Engineering

Data Pipeline Development: - Build and maintain data pipelines for training large language models - Design and implement data processing and preprocessing systems - Work on data quality, filtering, and deduplication - Optimize data loading and processing for distributed training - Build data processing and ETL pipelines from scratch

Customer-Facing and Product Work

Forward Deployment: - Work directly with customers to understand their AI needs - Deploy and customize AI solutions for customer use cases - Provide technical support and guidance to customers - Gather customer feedback and communicate requirements to product teams - Build custom integrations and solutions - Own projects end-to-end from first conversation to production rollout

Developer Advocacy: - Create technical content (blog posts, tutorials, demos) about AI technologies - Give talks and presentations at conferences and meetups - Engage with the developer community on forums, social media, and events - Help developers troubleshoot and solve problems with AI deployments

Product Management: - Act as a product manager in the field - Capture qualitative and quantitative feedback - Synthesize themes and translate them into clear product requirements - Influence product roadmap and direction

Software Engineering Practices

Code Quality: - Follow general software engineering best practices - Support regression testing and CI/CD flows - Deliver high-quality code and documentation - Implement best practices for open-source software development - Design for safety, observability, and robustness

Testing and Quality Assurance: - Design and develop software for testing and analysis - Build unit and integration test frameworks - Implement automated testing in CI/CD pipelines

Front-End Development: - Develop front-end solutions using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and related web technologies - Build user interfaces and dashboards - Work with React, NodeJS, or similar frameworks

Requirements

Education

Academic Credentials: - Bachelor’s Degree - Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Applied Math, or related field (minimum for most positions) - Master’s Degree - Preferred for many senior roles, required for some research positions - PhD - Required for research roles, preferred for senior research and architecture positions - Equivalent Experience - Industry experience can substitute for formal education

Specialized Fields: - Computational Chemistry, Bio Physics, Bioinformatics (for life sciences roles) - Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence - Computer Architecture - High-Performance Computing

Experience

Years of Experience (by role level): - Entry Level / New College Grad - 0-1 years - Junior / Associate - 2-3 years - Mid-Level - 3-5 years - Senior - 5-7 years - Principal / Lead - 7+ years (8+ for some lead positions)

Relevant Experience Areas: - ML engineering or systems engineering - MLOps or DevOps - Infrastructure engineering - Research in deep learning and AI - GPU computing and parallel programming - Distributed systems and cloud infrastructure - Customer-facing technical roles (for forward deployed positions)

Technical Skills

Programming Proficiency: - Strong C++ programming - Required for performance-critical roles - Strong Python programming - Required for all ML roles - Go/Golang - Required for infrastructure and Kubernetes roles - JavaScript/TypeScript - For front-end and full-stack roles - Assembly programming - For low-level optimization roles

ML/AI Expertise: - Strong experience with PyTorch or TensorFlow - Deep understanding of transformer architecture and inference engine internals - Knowledge of model optimization techniques (quantization, pruning, distillation, etc.) - Experience with model serving frameworks (vLLM, TensorRT-LLM, ONNX Runtime, etc.) - Strong research background in deep learning and AI (for research roles)

GPU and Parallel Computing: - Experience with CUDA, OpenCL, HIP, or ROCm - Understanding of GPU architectures and low-level optimization techniques - Knowledge of memory hierarchy, instruction scheduling, and performance tradeoffs - Experience with performance profiling tools (Nsight, nvprof, CUPTI, VTune)

Systems and Infrastructure: - Strong experience with Kubernetes and container orchestration - Experience with distributed systems and cloud infrastructure - Knowledge of CI/CD systems (Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab, Azure DevOps) - Experience with infrastructure-as-code tools - Understanding of cloud platforms (AWS, GCP, Azure)

Data Engineering: - Experience with data engineering and ETL pipelines - Proficiency in data processing libraries - Experience with distributed data processing (Spark, Ray, etc.) - Knowledge of data storage systems and formats

Soft Skills

Communication: - Excellent written and verbal communication skills - Ability to translate deep technical topics for diverse audiences - Strong presentation skills (for developer advocate and customer-facing roles) - Strong community engagement and networking skills

Problem Solving: - Strong problem-solving skills - Ability to navigate ambiguity - Pragmatic technical decision-making - Systems thinking and ability to design for safety and robustness

Collaboration: - Ability to work effectively in fast-paced, collaborative environments - Experience working with cross-functional teams - Strong collaboration skills - Ability to mentor junior engineers (for senior/principal roles)

Leadership: - Experience leading or managing teams (for lead/principal roles) - Ability to make key technical decisions and architecture choices - Entrepreneurial mindset (for startup roles) - Ability to work independently and manage multiple projects

Learning: - Ability to learn and work effectively in fast-paced environments - Desire and ability to quickly acquire broad high-level intuition of AI systems - Stay up-to-date with latest research and technologies

Specialized Knowledge

Computer Architecture: - Solid understanding of computer architecture - Experience with analytical performance modeling - Knowledge of high-performance, power-efficient designs - Experience with cycle-accurate HW simulators

Numerical Methods: - Numerical methods and linear algebra - Linear algebra operations (matrix multiplies, convolutions) - BLAS operations

Distributed Systems: - Experience building distributed systems - Knowledge of model parallelism and pipeline parallelism - Experience with distributed training and inference - Understanding of job scheduling mechanisms

Open Source: - Contributions to open-source projects (preferred) - Experience working with open-source communities - Track record of blog posts, conference talks, or open-source projects

Publications: - Publications in top-tier ML conferences (NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR) - Preferred for research roles

Domain-Specific Requirements

Life Sciences: - BSc, MSc, PhD in Computational Chemistry, Bio Physics, Bioinformatics, or related field - Experience with life sciences software development

Enterprise Platforms: - Experience with Red Hat platforms (OpenShift, RHEL) - For RedHat roles - Knowledge of enterprise deployment patterns

Agent Systems: - Experience building applications with LLMs or foundation models - Familiarity with AI agent frameworks (LangChain, CrewAI) - Knowledge of planning algorithms or program synthesis using LLMs

Summary

This comprehensive job description represents the collective requirements and expectations from leading AI/ML companies. Successful candidates typically combine:

  1. Strong technical foundation in programming (Python, C++, Go), ML frameworks (PyTorch, TensorFlow), and systems engineering

  2. Deep expertise in either inference optimization, distributed systems, or infrastructure engineering

  3. Practical experience with production ML systems, Kubernetes, and cloud platforms

  4. Research capabilities for roles requiring innovation and algorithm development

  5. Communication and collaboration skills for working in fast-paced, cross-functional teams

The field is rapidly evolving, and successful engineers must continuously learn and adapt to new technologies, frameworks, and optimization techniques while maintaining a strong foundation in computer science fundamentals.